The European Landfill Directive, which came into effect on 16 July 2001, demands significant reductions in the quantity of biodegradable waste disposed of in landfills. As part of the drive to comply with the Landfill Directive, the Government has set mandatory recycling targets for local authorities.

East Sussex County Council are arguing that incineration is necessary to meet the UK's commitments under the Directive, or to deal with residual waste left after maximum practical recycling levels have been achieved. Neither of these arguments is tenable.

'It is entirely possible to achieve the Landfill Directive without using incineration, using a flexible 'pick and mix' option. Such an option would utilise source separation, kerbside collection, composting, recycling and mechanical screening to deal with municipal waste in a way that actively contributes to the economic, social and environmental goals of sustainable development.'
- Peter Jones, Director, Biffa Waste Services