Skip to content or view mobile version

Home | Mobile | Editorial | Mission | Privacy | About | Contact | Help | Security | Support

A network of individuals, independent and alternative media activists and organisations, offering grassroots, non-corporate, non-commercial coverage of important social and political issues.

Bye Laws/ Rules for proper functioning of Ghazipur Slaughter House - Kadyan

Abhishek Kadyan, Media Adviser to OIPA in India & TV Journalist | 19.01.2009 09:40

Naresh Kadyan reports about the bye laws of a slaughter house in Delhi where animals are being shifted under very heavy stress, pain, injury & sufferings. PFA Haryana demands the shut down of these kinds of cruel practice for food.


Municipal Corporation of Delhi
Veterinary Services Department
Room No. 56, Town Hall, Delhi – 6


No. Dated:



From

The Commissioner,
Municipal Corporation of Delhi,
Town Hall, Delhi.


To

The Municipal Secretary,
Municipal Corporation of Delhi,
Town Hall, Delhi.


Subject: Framing of Bye Laws/ Rules for proper functioning of Ghazipur Slaughter House


Hon’ble High Court of Delhi in CWP No. 2961/ 92 of Smt. Menka Gandhi V/s U.O.I and others, had constituted a committee (Idgah Abattoir Committee) headed by justice (Retd.) Sh. J.D. Jain and Sh. C.K. Chaturvedi, Addl. Distt. and Sessions Judge to monitor the working of Idgah Slaughter House. As per directions of Idgah Abattoir Committee the Bye Laws of upcoming Modern Slaughter House at Ghazipur have been framed and are produced as under.



PART-I

DEFINITIONS :

1. In these rules unless the context otherwise required: -

(i) “Slaughter House “or “Abattoir” means the building or premises established and notified by the Municipal Corporation Of Delhi for the exclusive purpose of ‘slaughtering of animals’, intended for the human consumption as permitted in these Bye-Laws.

(ii) “Animal” means – Goat, Sheep, Buffalo of such age as prescribed in these byelaws.
(iii) “Butcher” means the persons slaughtering, producing or dealing with meat intended for human consumption.

(iv) “Carcass" means dead body or any part thereof including the viscera of any animal which has been slaughtered.
(v) “Condemned” means carcasses parts or organs thereof that are marked unfit for human consumption and intended to be destroyed.
(vi) “Zibaha” means the meat prepared according to the religious rites of Mohammedans.

(vii) “Meat" means flesh or other edible part of an animal, including blood that is sold or intended for sale for human consumption.

(viii) “Jhatka” means the meat prepared according to the religious rites of Sikhs.

(ix) “Director (Veterinary Services)” means - a qualified veterinary doctor registered with “ Veterinary Council of India” and appointed by competent authority as head of the Veterinary Services Department by whatever designation known in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi.

(x) “Manager, Slaughter House” means a qualified veterinary doctor registered with “ Veterinary Council of India” and appointed by competent authority as head/In-Charge of the slaughter house by whatever designation known in the Municipal Corporation Of Delhi.

(xi) “Superintendent, Slaughter House” means a qualified veterinary doctor registered with “Veterinary Council of India” and appointed by competent authority as head/In-Charge of the section of slaughter house by whatever designation known in the Municipal Corporation Of Delhi.

(xii) Veterinary Surgeon/Veterinary officer means any qualified Veterinary doctor who is registered with the “Veterinary Council of India” and appointed by the competent authority by whatever designation known in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi who has been vested with powers to examine and inspect the live animals and meat intended for human consumption.

(xiii) “Nuisance” includes any act, omission or thing which causes or is likely to cause injury, danger annoyance or offence to the sense of sight, smell or hearing or which is or may be dangerous to the life or injurious to health or property.

(xiv) “Public Street” has the same meaning as is assigned to it in the D.T.T.C. Act.

(xv) “Slaughter Hall” means the actual place where the Animals are Slaughtered.

(xvi) “Slaughter Man” means the person who slaughters an animal or dresses carcasses.
(xvii) “Lairage” means lairage as defined and regulated under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Slaughter House) Rules 2001, notified by the Government of India on 26.03.2001, Vide Notification No.195, New Delhi, “The Gazette Of India Extra Ordinary”.

(xviii) "Offal" means all parts of a slaughtered animal, other than the carcass.

(xix) “Viscera" means offal from the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities (including the trachea and esophagus).

(xx) “Knackery" means any premises used for and in connection with the collection, delivery, supply, slaughter, storage, skinning or cutting up of animals or parts of animals, which are not intended for human consumption, and "knackery" shall include any premises, which are used—
( a ) as a knacker's yard, or
( b ) for the cutting up of dead animals, or parts of dead animals, for sale, or
( c ) as a dead animal collection depot, or
( d) for hide removal.

PART-II

REGULATION OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE


(i) No person shall slaughter or cause or permit to be slaughtered at any place other than a Municipal Slaughter House any animal and the flesh of which may be used as human food.

(ii) No person shall slaughter any animal in a slaughter-house in such place, position, or other circumstances that such slaughter can be seen by any other animal.

(iii) No animal found -
(a) In a state unfit to be slaughtered for the purpose of selling its meat for human food, or

(b) In a diseased condition or

(c) Pregnant

Shall be slaughtered for the purpose of selling its meat for human food.

(iv) No animal other than that intended for slaughter shall be allowed into the Slaughter House and no animal shall be kept in a Slaughter House for a longer period than is necessary for preparing such animal for slaughter. If such animals are kept in the Slaughter House more than the prescribed period then such animals shall be seized by the Manager, Slaughter House/Superintendent or In-Charge of the section and will be disposed of by way of auction with in the 24 hours of such seizure.
(v) Animals intended for slaughter shall not be kept for a longer period than 24 hours in or around a Slaughter House.

(vi) It shall not be lawful for any person to slaughter an animal in a slaughter-house in any manner or by any means which causes any unnecessary, unavoidable, or excessive pain to such animal.

(vii) Municipal Corporation of Delhi shall cause every animal brought to slaughter-house for the purpose of being slaughtered, and confined in any pound, stall, pen, or lair upon the premises previously to being slaughtered, to be provided during such confinement with a sufficient quantity of wholesome water.

(viii) Municipal Corporation shall appoint sufficient number of whole-time veterinary doctors to carry out the functions conferred on a veterinary doctor/Veterinary officer under this Act.

(ix) No butchers and allied workers/shopkeepers/traders will be allowed in slaughtering sections without licenses/Identity Card.

(x) All the persons seeking the license/Identity card to get the entry inside the Slaughter House will have to submit their identity proof and a medical certificate duly signed by a qualified medical doctor along with his application form.

(xi) The licenses/Identity card will be issued through out the year and will be renewed from the 1st April of the every year after receiving the fee prescribed by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. This fee shall be reviewed every year.

(xii) No person below the age of 18 years of age shall be granted the butchers license/identity card. Accordingly no person below 18 years of age shall be allowed to work in the Slaughter House.

(xiii) No person other than the Director (Veterinary Services), Manager, Slaughter House, Superintendent of the section, Veterinary Officer, Slaughter House staff or bonafied licensed butchers, their assistants and servants shall enter the slaughter house premises during the process of slaughtering, skinning, dressing or cutting up carcasses.

(xiv) Any animal intended for slaughtering should be kept in lairage 24 hours in advance for proper ante-mortem examination and rest etc.

(xv) No animal, which has been received into Slaughter House for the purpose of being slaughtered, shall be removed from the slaughter House before being slaughtered except with the consent of the Manager, Slaughter house/Superintendent or In Charge of the Section any where in Slaughter House.

(xvi) No air shall be blown by mouth or in any other manner into the tissues of any carcass or part of carcass slaughtered for human consumption.

(xvi) All blood, manure, garbage, filth or other refuse from any slaughtered animal and hide, fat, viscera and offal there from shall be removed from the slaughter house within 8 hours after the completion of the slaughter of such animal and in such manner by such means as will not cause nuisance in the premises or in any public street or elsewhere as may be approved by the Director (Veterinary Services)/Manager, Slaughter House.

(xviii) All the skins or entrails or offal shall be removed by the butchers/shopkeepers within the closing time of the sections/Slaughter House. If these are not removed within the prescribed time the same will become the property of Municipal Corporation of Delhi and be disposed off by it in such a manner as may be deemed proper, provided that if it so prefers it may delegate to the Manager of the Slaughter House/Superintendent, Slaughter House/In-Charge of the section powers to have such skins, entrails or offal removed at the owner’s or butcher’s expenses and Manager, Slaughter House may refuse to such butchers or owner or his servant the admission thereafter to the slaughter house until such expenses are paid and made good to the Municipal Corporation Of Delhi.

(xix) No sale and purchase of any kind would be permitted inside the sections of the Slaughter House. No weighing machine shall be allowed inside the slaughtering sections.

(xx) No person shall create any disturbance in the slaughter house premises. Any person contravening these rules may be removed from the Slaughter House summarily under the direction of the Director (Veterinary Services), Manager, Slaughter House, Superintendent, Slaughter House or Veterinary Surgeon. The Manager, Slaughter House/In-Charge of the Slaughter House may restrict the entry of such persons contravening these rules for such a period which he deems fit in the interest of smooth administrative functioning of the Slaughter House.

(xxi) No person affected with tuberculosis or any other skin disease shall enter the Slaughter House premises. Periodical medical examination of butchers, shopkeepers and flayers shall be mandatory.

(xxii) No gut scraping, tripe cleaning, manufacturing or preparation of articles of food for a man or for an animal, household washing or any nature other than what is involved in the slaughter and the dressing or carcasses shall be permitted in any part of slaughter house except in the annexes to the slaughter house provided for or intended for these purposes.

(xxiii) No vehicle shall be allowed to enter inside the slaughter hall.

(xxiv) No skin shall be allowed to access inside the slaughtering sections. Director (Veterinary Services), Manager, slaughter House, Superintendent or Veterinary Surgeon shall seize such skin and destroy/auction as deemed fit.

(xxv) The contents of the stomach and entrails of slaughtered animals shall be thrown directly into the receptacles provide by the Municipal Corporation Of Delhi for the purpose.

(xxvi) Slaughtering Hall shall be used only for slaughtering of animals. No activities of any kind other than slaughtering of animals shall be allowed in the slaughtering hall.

(xxvii) The carcasses/meat from the Slaughter House will be transported in a closed refrigerated vehicle so as to protect it from any contamination.

(xxviii) The flesh/carcasses being transported in any mechanically propelled vehicle including cycle rickshaw may be checked by the Director (Veterinary Services)/Manager, Slaughter House/ Superintendent, Slaughter House or Veterinary Officer. Such flesh/carcasses shall bear the stamp of the Municipal Slaughter House along with the correct number of tax coupons issued by the Corporation for the slaughtering of these animals in the Slaughter House. If on checking by the Veterinary doctor, it is found that any one of the above is absent then the meat/carcasses will be treated as of the illegally slaughtered animals and the doctor will take the action as prescribed in these byelaws.

(xxix) In order to make the public aware, all the persons selling the meat intended for the human consumption will display daily in their shops/premises the number of carcasses of sheep/goats/buffalo/buffalo calves, as the case may be.

PART-III


Illegal slaughtering of the animals

(i) Director (V.S.)/Manager, Slaughter House/Superintendent, Slaughter House/Veterinary Officer or any other veterinary doctor appointed by the Corporation can –

( a ) enter, by force if necessary, and inspect any premises which is, or which he reasonably suspects is, being used for illegal slaughtering of animals; or with a knackery;

(b) enter, by force if necessary, and inspect any vehicle or container which is, or which he reasonably suspects is, being used in connection with an abattoir or with a knackery;

(c) request the production of, or search for, and inspect any records kept in such premises, vehicle or container which relate to animals, fees, or the business of an abattoir or knackery, as the case may be;

(d) take copies of, or remove, any records found on such premises, vehicle or container for examination or for the purposes of any proceedings under this Act.
(ii) In case of live animals intended for illegal slaughtering are observed at any place or being transported in a vehicle or in a cycle rickshaw under the Municipal territorial limits, Veterinary doctor shall seize such animals and auction as deemed fit with in 24 hours of the such seizure. Provided that this rule shall not apply to an animal intended for sacrificial slaughter on the occasion of any festival or ceremony the flesh of which is not intended for sale and provided further that slaughter of such animal shall not be carried on within the sight of the public except in case of Zibaha in locations exclusively inhabited by Muslims, religious sacrifice of animal by Hindus / Sikhs and for research purposes.

(iii) The Veterinary Doctor appointed by the Corporation in the exercise of the powers conferred on him may collect the sample, seize, detain and remove any meat intended for human consumption which he finds in an abattoir, knackery, vehicle, meat shop, premises, meat processing factory or container and which—
( a ) does not bear a health mark, or
( b ) bears an unapproved health mark, or
( c ) has already been marked as unfit for human consumption, or
( d ) is otherwise unfit, or he reasonably suspects is unfit, for human consumption.

(iv) Whenever the Veterinary doctor seizes, detains or removes any meat and declares that such meat is unfit for human consumption, the meat shall be destroyed or be otherwise disposed of in accordance with the provisions of veterinary examination Regulations.
(v) In case of illegal slaughtering of animals is observed, Director (Veterinary Services)/ Manager, Slaughter House/ Superintendent, Slaughter House / Veterinary officer should seize such carcasses along with their skins/flesh/illegal slaughtered animals and the same shall be destroyed properly as deemed fit by the veterinary doctors. No composition fee shall be recovered against the illegally slaughtered animals/carcasses.




PART – IV

DUTIES OF VETERINARY SURGEON, BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTER MEN

(i) Evidence of disease in a carcass shall not be altered, modified or obliterated by washing, rubbing, stripping or in any other manner except under the direct supervision of the Veterinary Surgeon and in accordance with his instruction.
(ii) The animals brought for slaughter shall be examined by the veterinary doctor in accordance with the instructions and procedure contained in the Code of Practice Indian Standard 1982-1971 (First revision).
(iii) The carcasses shall be examined by the veterinary doctor in accordance with the instructions and procedure contained in the Code of Practice Indian Standard 1982-1971 (First revision).
(iv) In no case serous membranes (Pleura and Peritoneum) shall be stripped except in any such case in which immediate stripping is necessary to preserve the marketability of the carcass the membranes shall not be entirely detached from the carcass until the same has been examined by the Veterinary Surgeon and he has authorized the detachment.
(v) Intimation of intention to slaughter animals on emergent grounds shall be forwarded to the Manager, Slaughter House/ Superintendent, Slaughter House/In-charge of the section and as far as it is practicable all such animals shall be examined at the time of slaughter. If not examined, the carcass with whole of viscera and all parts attached thereto shall be retained until examined by an officer appointed in that behalf. All carcasses of such animals may subsequently be passed for human consumption shall be ribbed or quartered before being released.
(vi) Any cloth or instrument that has been used on a tuberculosis carcass or part thereof, and a carcass presenting lesions or any other disease shall not again be used until it has been boiled for half an hour in water containing soda.
(vii) No carcass or part thereof shall be removed or so placed as to prevent it from being readily identified except with authority of the Manager, Slaughter House/ Superintendent, Slaughter House/ Veterinary Surgeon.
(viii) A veterinary doctor may examine, and carry out such tests as he considers necessary on, any animal, or part thereof, or the carcass, meat, offal or viscera of any animal which he finds in an abattoir or in a knackery and he may take and remove, without payment, samples of—
( a ) the animal or part thereof, or the carcass, meat, offal or viscera of any animal he finds therein, or
( b ) any materials used therein.

(ix) A veterinary doctor may at all reasonable times enter and inspect any place or knackery for the purpose of exercising his powers and duties under this Act and the Regulations made there under.

(x) Any person who obstructs or unreasonably delays a veterinary doctor in the exercise of his powers and duties under this Act and the Regulations made there under shall be guilty of an offence and shall be punishable.




Fees payable in respect of animals slaughtered in abattoir.

A fee shall be charged for each animal, which is to be slaughtered at the Municipal Slaughter House. The fee for slaughtering of each animal will be 1/4th of the market price of the meat per Kg, in case of sheep and goats and four times the market price of the meat per Kg, in case of buffalo/buffalo calf. The Fee required for slaughtering of animals may be reviewed every year.


PART-V
MEAT MARKING
Application of Health Mark –

The carcass/meat of every animal, which is slaughtered at the Municipal Slaughter House, will bear a health mark/stamp after the veterinary doctor has declared the same fit for human consumption after the examination, A person shall not sell or supply meat for human consumption, or for incorporation in a food for human consumption, unless the meat bears a health mark.

Restriction on sale, supply etc. of meat

(i) The Municipal Corporation of Delhi authorizes to use abbreviations of Marks of inspection, and such abbreviations shall have the force and effect as the respective marks for which they are authorize to be used. This marking shall be made on the spine and the thigh of the animals.

(ii) The ink used for the purpose of meat marking shall be indelible and non-poisonous, and all the instruments and marking articles shall be used only by the Veterinary Surgeon and when not in use shall be kept in safe custody of Veterinary Surgeon under the lock and key.

(iii) Carcasses or parts and organs thereof found by the veterinary surgeon on examination to be fit for human consumption shall be marked “Passed” along with an identifying mark for the kind of meat such as: -
“G” for Goat flesh
“M” for mutton.
“F” for Buffalo and
(iv) Any carcass or part or organ thereof found by the veterinary surgeon on examination diseased or otherwise unfit for human consumption shall be condemned.
(v) All condemned carcasses, part of organs shall be seized by the veterinary surgeon and destroyed with crude carbolic acid or other prescribed agent, or destroyed by incineration.
(vi) If the veterinary surgeon deems it necessary to hold up any carcass or part thereof for further examination, he shall mark the same “ Held”.


PART-VI

TRANSPORT, HANDLING, THE SALES OF MEAT

Every carcass or part of organ thereof removed from the Slaughter House shall if conveyed in or along a public street or other public place, be properly and sufficiently covered so as not to be visible to the eye of the public. The conveyance shall be such that the meat is well refrigerated/ ventilated but at the same time invisible.
1. Any person who conveys or causes to be conveyed meat in vehicle:
(i) Shall cause the inside and the covering of the vehicle the receptacle in which the meat is placed and such part of any slings or other implements or apparatus used for loading or unloading as come into contact with the meat or its covering to be kept clean.
(ii) If the vehicle is open at the top back to be adequately protected by means of clean cloth or other suitable material.
(iii) Shall not permit any animal or any other article to be conveyed in the vehicle at the same time as meat.

2. Any person engaged in the handling or transport of meat:
(i) Shall not permit any part of the meat to come into contact with the ground, and
(ii) Shall take such other precautions as are necessary to prevent the exposure of the meat to contamination.



PART –VII


AGE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SLAUGHTERING OF ANIMALS
No animal which
(i) Has an offspring less than three months old, or
(ii) Is in lactating state, or
(iii) Under the age of three months
shall be slaughtered.
However, the restrictions regarding the age of buffalo, as suggested by the Idgah Abattoir Committee, will be as under.
(i) No buffalo under the age of 10 years shall be slaughtered with the following exclusions-
(a) Heifer/buffalo declared infertile by the veterinary doctor after examination, or
(b) Having irreparable fractures/injuries, or
(c) Having chronic mastitis or irreparable injury to the udder
Provided further that no male buffalo below the age of 6 months will be allowed to be slaughtered.



PART – VIII

Penalty for breaches of bye-laws. –

Any byelaw made under this Act may provide that a contravention thereof shall be punishable -
(a) With fine which may extend to two thousand rupees; or
(b) In the case of a second or any subsequent such offence, to a fine not exceeding five thousand rupees or, at the discretion of the Court, to imprisonment for any term not exceeding three years.
(c) In case of non observance of any of the bye-law by any butcher/shopkeeper/trader or any other person, Director (Veterinary Services), / Manager, Slaughter House/ Superintendent, Slaughter House may refuse his entry into the slaughtering sections by way of suspending his license for any period or by refusing him to grant a license required for the purpose.

The matter may be placed before the Corporation routed through the Standing Committee for approval please.




Addl. Commissioner (H&E)

Abhishek Kadyan, Media Adviser to OIPA in India & TV Journalist
- e-mail: 67.abhishek@gmail.com
- Homepage: http://www.pfaharyana.in

Comments

Display the following comment

  1. is this relevant to UK Indymedia? — veg@nista
Upcoming Coverage
View and post events
Upcoming Events UK
24th October, London: 2015 London Anarchist Bookfair
2nd - 8th November: Wrexham, Wales, UK & Everywhere: Week of Action Against the North Wales Prison & the Prison Industrial Complex. Cymraeg: Wythnos o Weithredu yn Erbyn Carchar Gogledd Cymru

Ongoing UK
Every Tuesday 6pm-8pm, Yorkshire: Demo/vigil at NSA/NRO Menwith Hill US Spy Base More info: CAAB.

Every Tuesday, UK & worldwide: Counter Terror Tuesdays. Call the US Embassy nearest to you to protest Obama's Terror Tuesdays. More info here

Every day, London: Vigil for Julian Assange outside Ecuadorian Embassy

Parliament Sq Protest: see topic page
Ongoing Global
Rossport, Ireland: see topic page
Israel-Palestine: Israel Indymedia | Palestine Indymedia
Oaxaca: Chiapas Indymedia
Regions
All Regions
Birmingham
Cambridge
Liverpool
London
Oxford
Sheffield
South Coast
Wales
World
Other Local IMCs
Bristol/South West
Nottingham
Scotland
Social Media
You can follow @ukindymedia on indy.im and Twitter. We are working on a Twitter policy. We do not use Facebook, and advise you not to either.
Support Us
We need help paying the bills for hosting this site, please consider supporting us financially.
Other Media Projects
Schnews
Dissident Island Radio
Corporate Watch
Media Lens
VisionOnTV
Earth First! Action Update
Earth First! Action Reports
Topics
All Topics
Afghanistan
Analysis
Animal Liberation
Anti-Nuclear
Anti-militarism
Anti-racism
Bio-technology
Climate Chaos
Culture
Ecology
Education
Energy Crisis
Fracking
Free Spaces
Gender
Globalisation
Health
History
Indymedia
Iraq
Migration
Ocean Defence
Other Press
Palestine
Policing
Public sector cuts
Repression
Social Struggles
Technology
Terror War
Workers' Movements
Zapatista
Major Reports
NATO 2014
G8 2013
Workfare
2011 Census Resistance
Occupy Everywhere
August Riots
Dale Farm
J30 Strike
Flotilla to Gaza
Mayday 2010
Tar Sands
G20 London Summit
University Occupations for Gaza
Guantanamo
Indymedia Server Seizure
COP15 Climate Summit 2009
Carmel Agrexco
G8 Japan 2008
SHAC
Stop Sequani
Stop RWB
Climate Camp 2008
Oaxaca Uprising
Rossport Solidarity
Smash EDO
SOCPA
Past Major Reports
Encrypted Page
You are viewing this page using an encrypted connection. If you bookmark this page or send its address in an email you might want to use the un-encrypted address of this page.
If you recieved a warning about an untrusted root certificate please install the CAcert root certificate, for more information see the security page.

Global IMC Network


www.indymedia.org

Projects
print
radio
satellite tv
video

Africa

Europe
antwerpen
armenia
athens
austria
barcelona
belarus
belgium
belgrade
brussels
bulgaria
calabria
croatia
cyprus
emilia-romagna
estrecho / madiaq
galiza
germany
grenoble
hungary
ireland
istanbul
italy
la plana
liege
liguria
lille
linksunten
lombardia
madrid
malta
marseille
nantes
napoli
netherlands
northern england
nottingham imc
paris/île-de-france
patras
piemonte
poland
portugal
roma
romania
russia
sardegna
scotland
sverige
switzerland
torun
toscana
ukraine
united kingdom
valencia

Latin America
argentina
bolivia
chiapas
chile
chile sur
cmi brasil
cmi sucre
colombia
ecuador
mexico
peru
puerto rico
qollasuyu
rosario
santiago
tijuana
uruguay
valparaiso
venezuela

Oceania
aotearoa
brisbane
burma
darwin
jakarta
manila
melbourne
perth
qc
sydney

South Asia
india


United States
arizona
arkansas
asheville
atlanta
Austin
binghamton
boston
buffalo
chicago
cleveland
colorado
columbus
dc
hawaii
houston
hudson mohawk
kansas city
la
madison
maine
miami
michigan
milwaukee
minneapolis/st. paul
new hampshire
new jersey
new mexico
new orleans
north carolina
north texas
nyc
oklahoma
philadelphia
pittsburgh
portland
richmond
rochester
rogue valley
saint louis
san diego
san francisco
san francisco bay area
santa barbara
santa cruz, ca
sarasota
seattle
tampa bay
united states
urbana-champaign
vermont
western mass
worcester

West Asia
Armenia
Beirut
Israel
Palestine

Topics
biotech

Process
fbi/legal updates
mailing lists
process & imc docs
tech